Open Resources & Materials

Want the simple and accessible version of this research? Check out our plain language summaries and infographics!

Thanks to the fantastic Research Assistants in the lab, we are working on making our published papers accessible to all audiences!

FULL PAPERS: Publications

with open source text links

Link: My Google Scholar

1. Caute, A., Roper, A., Dipper, L. & Stark, B.C. (2024) Assessment and treatment of gesture in neurogenic communication disorders: An international survey of practice. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, e13136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.13136

2. Urena, K and Stark, BC (2024) Characterizing iconic gesture during narratives in chronic traumatic brain injury recovery. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 18:1393284. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1393284  Preprint: https://osf.io/6chxf/

3. Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Henry, M. L., Mooney, A., Stark, B. C., Volkmer, A., ... & Crane, P. K. (2024). Study protocol for the Functional Communication Checklist for people living with primary progressive aphasia. PloS one, 19(9), e0301652. Open access link: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0301652

4. Alexander, JM & Stark, BC (2024). Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the cognitive and neural components of inner speech, with emphasis on the role of incorporating clinical data. European Journal of Neuroscience. Preprint: https://osf.io/athr9, Full paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.16470

5. Dutta, M., Murray, L. L., & Stark, B. C. (2024). The Relationship Between Executive Functioning and Narrative Language Abilities in Aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-23-00314. [ePub ahead of issue]. Author’s Copy.

6. Birch, ES, Stark, BC & Neumann, D (2024). Factors related to social inferencing performance in moderate-severe, chronic TBI. Brain Injury, Jun 4:1-12. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2361634. Preprint: https://osf.io/z6b5f/.

7. Stark, BC & Dalton, SG (2024). A scoping review of transcription-less practices for analysis of aphasic discourse and implications for future research. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 2024 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.13028. Preprint: https://osf.io/j4qxe/

8. Alexander, JM; Hedrick, T; Stark, BC (2024). Inner speech in the daily lives of people with aphasia. Frontiers in Psychology. Full paper: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1335425/full, Preprint: https://osf.io/gbw3t/

9. Stark, BC & Oeding, G (2024). Demographic, neuropsychological, and speech variables that impact iconic and supplementary-to-speech gesturing in aphasia. Gesture, Feb 9. Doi: 10.1075/gest.23019.sta. Preprint and data: https://osf.io/nkbs2

10. Alexander, JM; Langland-Hassan, P; Stark, BC (2023). Measuring Inner Speech Objectively and Subjectively in Aphasia. Aphasiology, 0(0), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2023.2235761, preprint: Measuring Inner Speech Objectively and Subjectively in Aphasia.

11. Matchin, W., den Ouden, D.-B., Basilakos, A., Stark, B. C., Fridriksson, J., & Hickok, G. (2023). Grammatical Parallelism in Aphasia: A Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study. Neurobiology of Language, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00117 (open access).

12. Gallée, J., Tilton-Bolowsky, V. E., & Stark, B. C. (2023). The Communication Success Screener: A Preliminary Investigation of Perceived Communicative Success Across Modalities, Environments, and Demands. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 13 Nov. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00171. Preprint/free: The Communication Success Screener (COMSS): a pilot study of perceived communicative success across modalities, environments, and demands.

13. Stark, B. C., Alexander, J. M., Hittson, A., Doub, A., Igleheart, M., Streander, T., & Jewell, E. (2023). Test–Retest Reliability of Microlinguistic Information Derived From Spoken Discourse in Persons With Chronic Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66(7), 2316–2345. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00266. Preprint: Reliability of spoken discourse in speakers with aphasia

14. Xiong, Y; Khlif, M; Egorova, N; Brodtmann, A; BC Stark (accepted at NeuroImage: Clinical). Neural correlates of verbal fluency revealed by longitudinal non-diffusion-weighted imaging in stroke

15. Dalton, SG; Stark, BC; Fromm, D; Apple, K; MacWhinney, B; Rensch, A; Rowedder, M (2022). Validation of an Automated Procedure for Calculating Core Lexicon From Transcripts. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/full/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00473

16. Dutta, M; Murray, LL; Stark, B.C. (2022). Assessing the integrity of executive functioning in chronic aphasia. Aphasiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2022.2049675

17. Stark, BC & Bryant, L; Themistocleous, C; den Ouden, DB; Roberts, AC (2022). Best Practice Guidelines for Reporting Spoken Discourse in Aphasia and Neurogenic Communication Disorders. Aphasiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2022.2039372. All data and files available on OSF.

18. Matchin, W; Basilakos, A; den Ouden, DB; Stark, BC; Hickok, G; Fridriksson, J (2021). Functional differentiation in the language network revealed by lesion-symptom mapping. NeuroImage, 247: Feb. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118778

19. Gleichgerrcht, E., Roth, R., Fridriksson, J., den Ouden, D., Delgaizo, J., Stark, B.C., Hickok, G., Rorden, C., Wilmskoetter, J., Hillis, A., & Bonilha, L. (2021). Neural bases of elements of syntax during speech production in patients with aphasia. Brain and Language, 222, 105025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105025

20. Stark BC, Clough, S, Duff, MC. Suggestions for Improving the Investigation of Gesture in Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Oct. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00125 Preprint

21. Stark, BC; Dutta, M; Murray, LL; Fromm, D; Bryant, L; Harmon, T; Ramage, AE; Roberts, A. (2021). Spoken Discourse Assessment and Analysis in Aphasia: An International Survey of Current Practices. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 23 Sept. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00708. Paper

22. Yourganov, G; Stark, BC; Fridriksson, J; Bonilha, L; Rorden, C. (2021). Effect of stroke on contralateral functional connectivity. Brain Connectivity.  Mar 24. doi: 10.1089/brain.2020.0901. Online ahead of print.. Paper

23. Doub, A; Hittson, A & Stark BC (2021). Conducting a virtual study with special considerations for working with persons with aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. May;1-9, doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00392. Paper

24. Stark BC and Cofoid, C (2021). Task-specific iconic gesturing during spoken discourse in aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 1-18. doi: 10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00271. Paper

25. Stark BC and Fukuyama, J (2020). Leveraging big data to understand the interaction of task and language during monologic spoken discourse in speakers with and without aphasia. Journal of Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2020.1862258 Paper

26. Stark BC, Dutta M, Murray LL, et al (2020). Standardizing assessment of spoken discourse in aphasia: A working group with deliverables. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol. doi: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-19-00093. Paper

27. Matchin WM, Basilakos A, Stark BC, den Ouden DB, Fridriksson J, Hickok G (2020). Agrammatism and paragrammatism: a cortical double dissociation revealed by lesion-symptom mapping. Neurobiology of Language, 1(2), 208-225. doi: 10.1162/nol_a_00010 Paper

28. Spell LA, Richardson JD, Basilakos A, Stark BC, Teklehaimanot A, Hillis AE, et al. Developing, Implementing, and Improving Assessment and Treatment Fidelity in Clinical Aphasia Research. Am. J. Speech-Language Pathol. 2020: 1–13 Paper

29. Wilmskoetter J, Marebwa B, Basilakos A, Fridriksson J, Rorden C, Stark BC, et al. Long-range fibre damage in small vessel brain disease affects aphasia severity. 2019. Paper

30. Kristinsson S, Yourganov G, Xiao F, Bonilha L, Stark BC, Rorden C, et al. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype – Specific Differences in Cortical Activation in Chronic Aphasia. 2020; 62: 3923–3936. Paper

31. Kristinsson S, Thors H, Yourganov G, Magnusdottir S, Hjaltason H, Stark BC, et al. Brain Damage Associated with Impaired Sentence Processing in Acute Aphasia. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2019: 1–16. Paper

32. Wilmskoetter, J; Fridriksson, J; Gleichgerrcht, E; Stark, BC; Delgaizo, J; Hickok, G; Vaden, KI; Hillis, AE; Rorden, C; Bonilha, L. (2019). Neuroanatomical structures supporting lexical diversity, sophistication, and phonological word features during discourse. NeuroImage: Clinical. 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101961. Paper

33. Basilakos, A; Stark, BC; Johnson, L; Rorden, C; Yourganov, G; Bonilha, L; Fridriksson, J (2019). Leukoaraiosis Is Associated With a Decline in Language Abilities in Chronic Aphasia. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 10.1177/1545968319862561. Paper; Free author’s copy

34. Stark, BC (2019). A Comparison of Three Discourse Elicitation Methods in Aphasia and Age-Matched Adults: Implications for Language Assessment and Outcome. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 10.1044/2019_AJSLP-18-0265. Preprint

35. Stark, BC; Basilakos, A; Hickok, G; Rorden, C; Bonilha, L; Fridriksson, J (2019). Neural organization of speech production: A lesion-based study of error patterns in connected speech. Cortex. 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.029. NIHMS Receipt (Free).

36. Fridriksson, J; Elm, J; Basilakos, A; Stark, BC; Rorden, C; Sen, S; George, MS; Bonilha, L. (2018). Brain Stimulation. Transcranial direct current stimulation to treat aphasia: Longitudinal analysis of a randomized controlled trial, 10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.016. OA Paper, IUScholarWorks

37. Fridriksson, J; Elm, J; Stark, BC; Basilakos, A; Rorden, C; Sen, S; George, MS; Bonilha, L. (2018). Brain Stimulation. BDNF Genotype and tDCS Interaction in Aphasia Treatment. ePub ahead of print, 10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.009. OA Paper, IUScholarWorks

38. Yourganov, G; Fridriksson, J; Stark, BC; Rorden, C (2018). Removal of artifacts from resting-state fMRI data in stroke. NeuroImage: Clinical, 17, 297-305, 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.027. OA Paper, IUScholarWorks

39. Feenaughty, L; Basilakos, A; Bonilha, L; den Ouden, D; Rorden, C; Stark, BC and Fridriksson, J (2018). Non-fluent speech following stroke is caused by impaired efference copy. Cognitive Neuropsychology. 10.1080/02643294.2017.1394834. NIHMS Public Access

40. Stark, BC; Geva, S and Warburton, EA (2017). Inner Speech's Relationship with Overt Speech in Post-Stroke Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, 60(9), doi:10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0270. Author’s Copy

41. Stark, BC and Warburton, EA (2016). “Language Outcomes After 4 Weeks of Self-delivered iPad-based Speech Therapy.” Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1146150. Author’s Copy

Top

Plain Language Summaries and Infographics

Thank you to our wonderful undergraduate Research Assistants for their hard work on making our research accessible to all audiences!

A scoping review of transcription‐less practices for analysis of aphasic discourse and implications for future research

Stark, B. C., & Dalton, S. G. (2024). A scoping review of transcription‐less practices for analysis of aphasic discourse and implications for future research. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 59(5), 1734–1762. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.13028 

Summary and infographic thanks to Alexis Svihlik & Dilyn Ross

Plain language SUMMARY

Infographic

Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the inner speech, with emphasis on the role of incorporating clinical data 

Stark, B. C., & Alexander, J. M. (2024). Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the inner speech, with emphasis on the role of incorporating clinical data. Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Sep;60(5):4785-4797. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16470. Epub 2024 Jul 17.

Summary thanks to Alaina Carr and Lauren Atcheson

Plain language SUMMARY

INFOGRAPHIC

Demographic, neuropsychological, and speech variables that impact iconic and supplementary-to-speech gesturing in aphasia

Stark, B. C., & Oeding, G. (2023). Demographic, neuropsychological, and speech variables that impact iconic gesturing in aphasia. Gesture, Volume 22, Issue 1, Dec 2023, p. 62 – 93. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/nkbs2

Summary thanks to Ivy Inawat and Gillian Snock

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

INFOGRAPHIC

The Relationship Between Executive Functioning and Narrative Language Abilities in Aphasia

Dutta, M., Murray, L. L., & Stark, B. C. (2024). The relationship between executive functioning and narrative language abilities in aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 33(5), 2500–2523. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_ajslp-23-00314

Summary thanks to Jenna McCormick and Payton Roberts

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

Infographic

The Communication Success Screener (COMSS): a preliminary investigation of perceived communicative success across modalities, environments, and demands

Gallée, J., Tilton-Bolowsky, V. E., & Stark, B. C. (2024). The Communication Success Screener: A Preliminary Investigation of Perceived Communicative Success Across Modalities, Environments, and Demands. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 67(1), 149-169. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/full/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00171

Summary thanks to Courtney Ruble and Emma Rorabaugh

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

INFOGRAPHIC

Measuring Inner Speech Objectively and Subjectively in Aphasia

Alexander, JM; Langland-Hassan, P; Stark, BC (2023). Measuring Inner Speech Objectively and Subjectively in Aphasia. Aphasiology, 0(0), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2023.2235761

Summary thanks to Emma Jackson and Ruth Anne Mayer

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

INFOGRAPHIC

 Research Materials (Codes, Data, etc)

Other great aphasia studies!

• https://aphasiaresearch.org/

Registrations & Open Science Framework Materials:

• My public Open Science Framework Profile

• Best Practice Guidelines for Reporting Spoken Discourse in Aphasia and Neurogenic Communication Disorders

• Reliability of Spoken Discourse in Aphasia (ASHFoundation-Sponsored)

• Inner speech as a naming therapy predictor in aphasia (NIDILRR-Sponsored)

• Characterizing inner speech in post-stroke aphasia (NIDILRR-Sponsored)

• Code for Stark & Fukuyama (preprint; full article)

Software that we use:

• NiiStat

• BrainLife.io

• SPM, FSL

• Visualization software: MRICron, MRICroGL, SurfIce, MRICroS

• BCBToolkit

• NVivo

• R

• ELAN

• CLAN

Neuroimaging codes, materials:

• Adaptive Language Mapping (PI: Stephen Wilson)

• Various codes from Brain Connectivity Toolbox

• Graph theory metric codes from our collaborator, Brain Networks & Behavior Lab (PI Rick Betzel, PhD)

Spoken discourse & gesture analysis materials:

• CHAT and CLAN handbooks from AphasiaBank

• Error / paraphasia coding cheat sheet specific to our lab (v1.0, January 2019)

Top

Recorded Talks / Lectures

Please click each title for the link to the talk

See our talk series from FOQUSAphasia HERE

Didactic Teaching

Below are overviews of the courses that I reach. Please reach out for syllabi and materials!

Cognition and Communication in Aging

Undergraduate Course

Dr. Stark has taught this course since 2018.

Primary text: Yochim, B & Woodhead, E (2017). Psychology of Aging: A Biopsychosocial Perspective. Springer Publishing Company.

Course Description

This course covers aspects of cognition and communication associated with normal aging and with diseases/disorders prevalent in the aging population. Also, this course includes methodological issues in research with the elderly and information for maximizing communication with the aging population.

Course Learning Outcomes

All of which will be met via lectures as well as by assignments and in-class activities.

1.     Synthesize information pertaining to typical psychobiosocial processes in aging

2.     Explain typical cognitive and communicative changes in typical and atypical aging

3.     Differentiate between typical and atypical brain changes in this population

4.     Summarize core identifying features of common pathological disorders in the aging population

5.     Explain role of health professional in working with cognitive and communicative needs of aging population

Neuroanatomical and Physiological Substrates of Speech-Language Pathology

Master’s in Speech Language Pathology Course

Course Description

This course serves as an introduction to the neural bases of human communication. The goal of the course is to develop the skills to relate neurological function to anatomical structure. Case examples will be presented, as possible, to help you relate the neural structures to issues of communication disorders. Topics include functional neuroanatomy of the central and peripheral nervous systems; neural substrates of speech and language particularly as they relate to normal and disordered communication function; and neuroimaging techniques as a means of understanding information presented in medical reports. Units often will be discussed relative to neurological cases with the use of PowerPoint slides; in-class group assignments; videos and class discussion. Reading assignments will supplement class discussions by helping you visualize where nervous system structures are located and what pathways connect regions of the nervous system. Homework quizzes will assess your knowledge of nervous system structures and pathways.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1.  Integrate information pertaining to normal and abnormal neural development across the life span

2. Interpret information relating basic neuroanatomy to neurophysiology and neurological disorders

3.  Explain brain-behavior interactions by means of the neural substrates of speech, swallowing, hearing and language

4. Outline the etiology of neurologically-based communication disorders

Aphasia

Master’s in Speech Language Pathology Course

Course Description

This course will introduce aphasia, a language disorder, through the lens of its neural underpinnings, the extent to which it affects communication, and the specific disruptions to unique aspects of the linguistic system. We will focus on the individual with aphasia, discussing assessment and remediation of language and communication, as well as other related areas of recovery, such as psychological, activities, and participation. Case studies will be used throughout, as will audio and video samples of individuals with aphasia. The ultimate goal of this course is to enable students to sensitively and accurately evaluate the presence, characteristics, and severity of aphasia, and to use this information to create a remediation plan that enables the individual with aphasia to recover lost functions (e.g., language, psychological, cognitive). We will also discuss the importance of cultural and linguistic sensitivity, approaching this with a lens of humility, curiosity, and understanding. We are constantly learning about aphasia and the far-reaching impacts that it has on the individual as well as their loved ones and community. Join me in growing our knowledge about this disorder, which affects over two million in the USA alone.

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the cognitive architecture of language

2. Quantify and qualify linguistic deficits associated with aphasia, including lexical- semantic, morphosyntactic, and discourse processing problems

3. Compare and contrast different types and severities of aphasia, as well as bilingual and progressive aphasias using linguistic and neural information

4. Identify cultural and linguistic variables that are important for understanding aphasia assessment and treatment

5. Describe common motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional concomitant symptoms

6. Identify and describe common causes of as well as means to prevent aphasia

7. Summarize methods used to document neurological and cardiovascular damage in individuals with aphasia

8. Identify test batteries and tests of specific perceptual, cognitive, linguistic, and emotional functions for assessing the effects of aphasia and concomitant symptoms on individuals with aphasia and their caregivers

9. Identify cultural and linguistic variables that are important during assessment/diagnostics and remediation

10. Identify positive and negative prognostic indicators of aphasia and rehabilitation outcomes.

11. Design and describe specific treatment approaches for addressing the linguistic, cognitive, and emotional problems of individuals with aphasia, or for meeting the needs of these individuals’ caregivers

12. Identify impact of cultural and linguistic variables of themselves and its relationship to service administration

13. Examine impact of these variables as it relates to client care delivery;

14. Discuss interaction of cultural and linguistic variables between provider, caregiver, and client;

15.  Understand social determinants of health and other factors for clients;

16. Discuss impact of multiple languages on assessment and intervention approaches